LAN (Local Area Network) – The Complete Guide
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of connected devices (computers, printers, smart TVs, etc.) within a small area (home, office, or school) that share data and resources.
📌 What is a LAN?
✅ Wired (Ethernet) – Uses cables (RJ45) for fast, stable connections.
✅ Wireless (Wi-Fi) – Uses routers & access points for mobility.
✅ Shared resources – Printers, files, and internet access.
🔹 Types of LAN Connections
| Type | Speed | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Ethernet (Cat5e) | 1 Gbps | Home/office networks |
| Ethernet (Cat6/6a) | 10 Gbps | Gaming, 4K streaming |
| Wi-Fi 5 (AC) | 1.3 Gbps | Wireless devices |
| Wi-Fi 6 (AX) | 9.6 Gbps | Smart homes, VR |
🛠️ How to Set Up a LAN
1. Wired LAN (Ethernet)
- Devices needed: Router, switch, Ethernet cables (Cat5e/Cat6).
- Steps:
- Connect devices to a router/switch via Ethernet.
- Assign IP addresses (usually automatic via DHCP).
2. Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi)
- Devices needed: Wireless router, Wi-Fi adapters.
- Steps:
- Set up a Wi-Fi network (SSID + password).
- Connect devices wirelessly.
🔌 LAN Ports & Cables
- RJ45 port – Found on PCs, routers, game consoles.
- Ethernet cables – Cat5e (1Gbps), Cat6 (10Gbps), Cat7 (future-proof).
- Crossover cable – Directly connects two PCs (rarely needed today).
⚡ LAN vs. WAN vs. MAN
| Network Type | Range | Example |
|---|---|---|
| LAN (Local) | Home/office | Your Wi-Fi network |
| WAN (Wide) | Global | The internet |
| MAN (Metro) | City-wide | University campus network |
💡 Why Use a LAN?
✅ Faster speeds than Wi-Fi (gaming, 4K streaming).
✅ More secure (harder to hack than wireless).
✅ Stable connection (no interference like Wi-Fi).
⚠️ Common LAN Issues & Fixes
🔴 No internet? → Check router & cables.
🔴 Slow speeds? → Upgrade to Cat6/Cat7 cables.
🔴 Connection drops? → Update network drivers.
🚀 Future of LAN
- Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be) – Up to 40 Gbps (coming 2024-25).
- 10Gbps home networks – More affordable fiber/Ethernet.
Need help setting up a LAN? Ask me! 😊