What are computer viruses?
Imagine a program that can replicate like a biological virus, infecting other programs and spreading throughout your system. That’s essentially what a computer virus is. It’s malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or steal data from your computer.
How do they work?
Viruses typically spread through various means, such as:
- Clicking infected links or attachments: This is the most common way. By clicking, you unknowingly download and run the virus code.
- Downloading infected software or files: Pirated software and files from untrusted sources often harbor viruses.
- Removable media: Infected USB drives or external hard drives can transfer viruses to your system.
- Security vulnerabilities: Viruses exploit outdated software or operating systems with security flaws.
Once on your system, a virus can cause various problems, including:
- Data corruption or deletion: Corrupted files become unusable, and viruses can even delete important data.
- System slowdown and crashes: Viruses can hog resources, making your computer sluggish and prone to crashes.
- Spyware and data theft: Some viruses steal your personal information, like passwords or financial data.
- Ransomware: This particularly nasty type of virus encrypts your files, making them inaccessible until you pay a ransom.
Protecting yourself from computer viruses:
- Install and update antivirus software: Choose a reputable antivirus program and keep it updated with the latest virus definitions.
- Be cautious about links and attachments: Don’t click on suspicious links or open attachments from unknown sources.
- Keep your software updated: Regularly update your operating system, applications, and firmware to patch security vulnerabilities.
- Use a firewall: This acts as a barrier, monitoring incoming and outgoing traffic to block suspicious activity.
- Back up your data regularly: Having a backup ensures you can restore your files even if your system gets infected.
- Be mindful of social engineering: Don’t fall victim to scams or tricks that pressure you into downloading or opening malicious files.