Ethernet cards (also called network interface cards or NICs) are hardware components that allow computers to connect to a network. They can be built into the motherboard or added as separate expansion cards.
Types
- Integrated NICs: Built into the motherboard (most common in modern computers)
- PCIe Cards: Expansion cards that plug into PCIe slots for desktops
- USB Adapters: External adapters that connect via USB ports
- Server-grade NICs: High-performance cards with multiple ports and advanced features
Key Specifications
- Speed: Common speeds include 1 Gbps (Gigabit), 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps, 10 Gbps, and higher for enterprise use
- Interface: PCIe x1, x4, x8, or x16 slots
- Ports: Single or multiple RJ45 ports (or fiber optic)
- Features: Wake-on-LAN, VLAN support, jumbo frames, offloading capabilities
Popular Use Cases
- Gaming (low latency connections)
- Upgrading older systems
- Servers and workstations requiring multiple network connections
- Systems needing faster than built-in speeds
- Replacing failed onboard NICs
⚡ How Ethernet Cards Work
- The card connects to the motherboard through PCIe or USB.
- An Ethernet cable is plugged into the RJ45 port on the card.
- The card translates data between the computer and the network.
- It communicates using TCP/IP protocols to transfer data packets efficiently.